This CD-ROM contains hundreds of photographs of the Barnette Street Project excavations and historic Fairbanks. To browse artifact images, Appendix 4 contains the majority of artifact plates; a few others are in Chapter 4 and repeated in Appendix 1. The appendix on manufacturer marks and trademarks contains tables with black and white images of the marks from the collection. Most of the historic photos can be found in Chapter 4. Many also are shown in Section 2.3, Section 5.4, and Appendix 1. Chapter 4 and Appendix 5 contain images of the excavated features. Almost all photographic images presented throughout the CD-ROM are small versions of larger images which can be seen simply by clicking on the image.

Chapter 1

Figure 1.1. Fairbanks location in relation to Anchorage, Dawson, Skagway, Circle, Nome, and local gold mining communities.

Figure 1.2. Fairbanks City core map showing areas investigated by the Barnette Archaeological Project.

Figure 2.1. Gold Production in the Fairbanks Mining District, 1902-56.

Figure 2.2. The Fairbanks Waterfront on June 1, 1904, showing Barnette's Cache.

Figure 2.3. The Fairbanks Waterfront in late summer of 1904, showing Barnette's Cache and the early cabin.

Figure 2.4. The Fairbanks Waterfront in August 1905.

Figure 3.1. Barnette Project archaeologist explaining Fairbanks history to elementary school students.

Figure 4.1. Map of project area showing areas of investigation and areas of proposed impacts.

Figure 4.2. Map showing Areas investigated on the south side of the Chena River, outline of the former California Saloon, and areas of proposed impacts.

Figure 4.3. Map showing Areas investigated along Noyes Slough and proposed realignment of Illinois Street.

Figure 4.4. Map showing Area investigated on the north side of the Chena River, outlines of former buildings, and areas of proposed impacts.

Figure 4.5. Views of project areas along First Avenue before and during archaeological excavations.

Figure 4.6. Sample of artifacts from the early historic cabin.

Figure 4.7. Composite plan view of 1992 historic cabin excavation.

Figure 4.8. Area C2: Profile along north wall of test trench showing stratigraphic relationship of historic cabin features to builders' trench of the California Saloon.

Figure 4.9. Fairbanks in 1904, showing the Lavelle Young in front of the NC Co. Store.

Figure 4.10. Fairbanks on August 3, 1904, showing the historic cabin between the NC Co. Store and C.E. Jones Groceries.

Figure 4.11. The Fairbanks Waterfront on July 29, 1904.

Figure 4.12. Advertisement for Scott, Bennett, and Dunbar, 1903.

Figure 4.13. Archaeologists examining stratigraphy of the pre-1904 cabin, with California Saloon wall (post 1904) in the foreground.

Figure 4.14. View of the 1992 excavations in Area A, showing gold rush levels with deadman timber and artifacts.

Figure 4.15. Drawing showing the relationship of the California Saloon to river bank refuse deposits along First Avenue.

Figure 4.16. Sample of artifacts recovered from Area C.

Figure 4.17. Sample of artifacts recovered from Area C.

Figure 4.18. Sample of bottles recovered from Area C.

Figure 4.19. Sample of artifacts recovered from Area A.

Figure 4.20. Sample of artifacts recovered from Area A.

Figure 4.21. Sample of bottles recovered from Area A.

Figure 4.22. Map showing layout of excavation grid and features in Area C, superimposed over outline of former California Saloon building.

Figure 4.23. Profile showing 1993 excavations and east wall of California Saloon.

Figure 4.24. View of 1993 excavations showing sump and bottle cache in cellar of California Saloon annex.

Figure 4.25. Area C3: Plan view of the southeastern corner of the main California Saloon building, showing structural details.

Figure 4.26. Area C3: Plan view of saloon cellar floor and subcellar pit before floorboard removal.

Figure 4.27. Area C3: Profile along east wall, showing southeast corner of the main California Saloon builders' trench with historic surface.

Figure 4.28. Area C4: Profile along south wall of California Saloon extension cellar fill.

Figure 4.29. Area C3/C4: Profile along east wall of the California Saloon annex cellar entrance on east side of cellar wall.

Figure 4.30. The Fairbanks Waterfront on June 13, 1905, showing the earliest known view of the California Saloon.

Figure 4.31. View of California Saloon and Front Street from the north bank of Chena Slough in 1907.

Figure 4.32. Advertisements for California Saloon, 1907-09.

Figure 4.33. View of Downtown Fairbanks in the 1920s, showing remodeled California building.

Figure 4.34. View to the west along First Avenue in the mid-to-late 1920s, showing Abe Stein and Sons sign atop the California building.

Figure 4.35. Burning of the Chena Bar and Grill in 1946.

Figure 4.36. Drawing of California Saloon, circa 1908, showing southern extension/annex.

Figure 4.37. Drawing of California Saloon building, circa 1925, remodeled as Abe Stein and Sons Dry Goods Store.

Figure 4.38. Drawing of California Saloon building, circa 1946, remodeled as the Chena Bar and Grill.

Figure 4.39. Three views of the California Saloon interior, 1908.

Figure 4.40. Concrete sidewalk slab recovered from Area C1 with "CHENA BAR" spelled out by marbles.

Figure 4.41. Excavating early Saloon period artifacts from the California Saloon annex cellar.

Figure 4.42. Advertisement for B.B.C. Beer, Barthel Brewing Co., 1915.

Figure 4.43. "AB" and "ABGM Co." bottle bases from the Barnette Collection.

Figure 4.44. Sample of artifacts recovered from Area B2.

Figure 4.45. Sample of bottles recovered from Area B2.

Figure 4.46. Area B2: Profile along south wall, with wooden drain dating to circa 1904.

Figure 4.47. Construction of the Pioneer Dock in 1907, with the NC Co. Dock in full operation in the background

Figure 4.48. NC Co. Dock in 1910, showing gangway and stationary scow.

Figure 4.49. NC Co. Dock circa 1914 showing different construction of office and warehouse walls.

Figure 4.50. Graph showing relative frequencies of steamboat landings on the Chena River at Fairbanks and Chena, between 1903 and 1921.

Figure 4.51. Area B2: Composite profile along west wall, with NC Co. Dock foundation at base of excavation.

Figure 4.52. Area B2: Profile along west wall, showing detail of log cribbing at base of NC Co. Dock.

Figure 4.53. Area B2: General view showing log cribbing at base of excavation.

Figure 4.54. Area B2: detail of NW corner of log cribbing at base of excavation.

Figure 4.55. Stratigraphic profile along east wall of Area B1 with NC boiler ash deposits.

Figure 4.56. Sample of artifacts recovered from Area B1.

Figure 4.57. Sample of artifacts recovered from Area B1.

Figure 4.58. Sample of bottles recovered from Area B1.

Figure 4.59. First Avenue in the late 1940s, with coal ash from the NC Co. power plant dumped over the river bank.

Figure 4.60. Map of Riverside and Samson blocks showing businesses present in 1920.

Figure 4.61. Sample of artifacts recovered from Area G.

Figure 4.62. Sample of bottles recovered from Area G.

Figure 4.63. Lamp stove recovered from Miners' Home Saloon, compared with advertisement in 1902 Sears catalog.

Figure 4.64. Area G: Map showing layout of excavation grid and features in Area G.

Figure 4.65. Area G: Profile along south wall of the Miners' Home Saloon cellar showing bench and storage area.

Figure 4.66. View to the southwest of Garden Island and the Fairbanks Waterfront, 1906.

Figure 4.67. View of Riverside and Samson blocks in 1916, during construction of the steel Cushman Street bridge.

Figure 4.68. View of Riverside Block buildings relocated to Samson Block in 1923.

Figure 4.69. View of Garden Island circa 1940, showing former location of the Riverside Block.

Figure 4.70. Advertisements for the Miners' Home Saloon, 1909.

Figure 4.71. The Miners' Home Saloon, 1907.

Figure 4.72. Miners' Home Hotel and Roadhouse during Prohibition, circa 1917-23.

Figure 4.73. Miners' Home Saloon in 1920, after abandonment, showing effigy hanging over the boarded-up front door.

Figure 4.74. View of Fairbanks from the north side of Chena Slough on July 29, 1904, showing tent camp in the foreground.

Figure 4.75. Samson Hardware and Machinery building in 1916 during construction of the steel Cushman Street bridge.

Figure 4.76. Advertisement for Samson Hardware, 1912.

Figure 4.77. The Tanana Lumber Company, in circa 1905-10.

Figure 5.1. Relative Frequency of Liquor-Related Items in Spude's 14 Family Assemblages.

Figure 5.2. Final functional group clusters.

Figure 5.3. Market Access Areas.

Figure 5.4. Company locations for Barnette artifacts from the Steamboat Era (1903-22).

Figure 5.5. Company locations for Barnette artifacts from the Railroad Era (1923-41).

Figure 5.6. Breakup of Chena Slough, May 1911, taking out pilings of the Turner Street bridge.

Figure 5.7. The Fairbanks Waterfront in 1908, showing the City Dock and erosion control measures taken following the 1905 flood.

Figure 5.8. Breakup on the Chena River in 1937.

Figure 5.9. Log cribbing placed along First Avenue in the former location of the NC Dock, circa 1930.

Figure 5.10. The May 22, 1906 fire in downtown Fairbanks.

Figure 5.11. The May 22, 1906 fire engulfing the east end of Fairbanks.

Figure A1.1. Area C2: Profile along west wall of baulk through historic cabin, showing micro-stratigraphic levels.

Figure A1.2. Area C2: Profile along north wall of California Saloon wall and builders' trench, and historic surface along east side of building.

Figure A1.3. Area C1: Profile along west wall of California Saloon, showing builders' trench and cellar fill.

Figure A1.4. Area C1: Profile along north wall of California Saloon, showing U-shaped trench, circular post mold, and square-sided post mold.

Figure A1.5. Plan view of saloon cellar floor and subcellar pit after floorboard removal.

Figure A1.6. Area C4: Profile along east wall of EUs 69 and 72.

Figure A1.7. Map showing layout of excavations in Area A, and features in Levels 3 and 4.

Figure A1.8. Area A: Profile along E623, west wall of EU 311.

Figure A1.9. Area A: Profile along E631, east wall of EUá302.

Figure A1.10. Area A: Profile along E627, east wall of baulk in EU 308, showing stratigraphic levels.

Figure A1.11. Area A: Profile along N1011, south wall of 1992 excavation, showing deadman timbers with associated trenches (Features 7 and 8).

Figure A1.12. View of 1993 excavations in Area A showing barrels and bottle cache, dating to remodeling of the California Saloon.

Figure A1.13. Area G: Profile along west wall of excavation outside of Miners' Home Saloon cellar, showing entrance to cellar.

Figure A4.1. Sample of clothing hardware (1A1).

Figure A4.2. Sample of buttons (1A1a).

Figure A4.3. Sample of clothing buckles (1A1f).

Figure A4.4. Sample of belts, gloves, and mittens (1A3, 1A4 and 1A5).

Figure A4.5. Sample of footwear (1B).

Figure A4.6. Sample of personal adornment and hair care items (1C and 1D2).

Figure A4.7. Sample of dental care items (1D1).

Figure A4.8. Sample of perfume and toiletry items (1D3).

Figure A4.9. Sample of makeup items/cold cream jars (1D5).

Figure A4.10. Medicine tins (1E1a).

Figure A4.11. Sample of medicine bottles (1E1b and 1E2).

Figure A4.12. Sample of medicine tubes (1E1c).

Figure A4.13. Sample of thermometers and spectacles (1E, 1E3, and 1E4) and Dr. Tullar's Vaginal Spray (1E).

Figure A4.14. Sample of tobacco tins and pipes (1G2a and 1G2b).

Figure A4.15. Sample of toys (1H).

Figure A4.16. Sample of ink wells and bottles (1H1c and 5J5h).

Figure A4.17. Sample of pocket tools and accessories (1J).

Figure A4.18. Sample of linoleum (2A2).

Figure A4.19. Sample of food bottles (2B1d1).

Figure A4.20. Sample of food jars (2B1d2).

Figure A4.21. Sample of cooking pots and pans (2B1e).

Figure A4.22. Sample of utensils (2B1f and 2B2a5).

Figure A4.23. Sample of bottle and can openers (2B1g/5J4d).

Figure A4.24. Sample of plates (2B2a1).

Figure A4.25. Sample of bowls (2B2a2).

Figure A4.26. Sample of saucers (2B2a3).

Figure A4.27. Sample of cups (2B2a4).

Figure A4.28. Sample of cast iron stove pieces (2B5).

Figure A4.29. Sample of cleaning and maintenance items (2C).

Figure A4.30. Sample of construction hardware (3B2).

Figure A4.31. Sample of plumbing items (3C).

Figure A4.32. Sample of electrical items (3D and 3G).

Figure A4.33. Sample of transportation items (4).

Figure A4.34. Sample of hunting items (5B).

Figure A4.35. Sample of construction tools (5H).

Figure A4.36. Sample of commercial entertainment items (5J3).

Figure A4.37. Sample of commercial alcohol-related items (5J4a).

Figure A4.38. Sample of alcohol-related glassware (5J4a1).

Figure A4.39. Sample of wine bottles (5J4a2a).

Figure A4.40. Sample of beer bottles (5J4a2b).

Figure A4.41. Sample of distilled alcohol bottles (5J4a2c).

Figure A4.42. Sample of flasks (5J4a3).

Figure A4.43. Sample of beer cans (5J4a4).

Figure A4.44. Sample of bottle and can closures (5J4c).

Figure A4.45. Sample of commercial record keeping items (5J5).

Figure A4.46. Sample of coins and tokens (6A1).

Figure A4.47. Miner's poke/bank bag (6A2).

Figure A4.48. Public administration items (6B).

Figure A4.49. Group ritual item/flag pole finial (7).

Figure A5.1. Feature 7, Area A. Deadman timber in trench.

Figure A5.2. Feature 9, Area A. Wooden planks.

Figure A5.3. Feature 13, Area A. Beer kegs and associated artifacts.

Figure A5.4. Feature 14, Area A. Charred lumber.

Figure A5.5. Feature 1, Area B2. Box drain cut into original fluvial sediments.

Figure A5.6. Feature 2, Area B2. Log cribbing associated with the NC Dock.

Figure A5.7. Feature 2, Area C. Early cabin feature, view northeast.

Figure A5.8. Feature 2, Area C. Early cabin feature, view north.

Figure A5.9. Feature 3, Area C. California Saloon wall and U-shaped builders' trench.

Figure A5.10. Feature 3, Area C. California Saloon wall, foundation and builders' trench, view south.

Figure A5.11. Feature 4, Area C. Early Historic steam line.

Figure A5.12. Feature 8, Area C. Irregular, terraced historic surface.

Figure A5.13. Feature 9, Area C. Post and Post Mold.

Figure A5.14. Feature 14, Area C. Floorboards of California Saloon main cellar.

Figure A5.15. Feature 22, Area C. Bottles and early historic artifacts on cellar floor.

Figure A5.16. Feature 22, Area C. California Saloon annex cellar floor.

Figure A5.17. Feature 24, Area C. Barrel sump below floor of California Saloon annex.

Figure A5.18. Feature 24, Area C. Historic artifacts in barrel sump.

Figure A5.19. Feature 1, Area G. Miners' Home Saloon Cellar.

Figure A5.20. Feature 1, Area G. Construction detail, Miners' Home Saloon cellar entrance.

Figure A5.21. Feature 2, Area G. Storage area and shelf, Miners' Home Saloon.

Figure A7.1. Log cribbing at the base of the NC Dock in Area B2 and cross-section samples removed.

Figure A8.1. Traffic Plan for the Barnette Street Project.

Figure A10.1. Table relationships within the Barnette Street database.

Figure A10.2. Relative frequency of food storage containers in Spude's 14 Family Assemblages.

Figure A10.3. Relative frequency of decorated dishes in Spude's 14 Family Assemblages.

Figure A10.4. Relative frequency of undecorated dishes in Spude's 14 Family Assemblages.

Figure A10.5. Relative frequency of other household items in Spude's 14 Family Assemblages.

Figure A10.6. Relative frequency of child-specific items in Spude's 14 Family Assemblages.

Figure A10.7. Relative frequency of female-specific items in Spude's 14 Family Assemblages.

Figure A10.8. Relative frequency of male-specific items in Spude's 14 Family Assemblages.

Figure A10.9. Relative frequency of generic personal items in Spude's 14 Family Assemblages.

Figure A10.10. Relative frequency of liquor-related items in Spude's 14 Family Assemblages.

Figure A10.11. Relative frequency of bottle stoppers/caps in Spude's 14 Family Assemblages.

Figure A10.12. Relative frequency of pharmaceutical bottles in Spude's 14 Family Assemblages.

Figure A10.13. Relative frequency of armaments and military items in Spude's 14 Family Assemblages.

Figure A10.14. Relative frequency of other artifacts in Spude's 14 Family Assemblages.

Figure A10.15. Three dimensional nonmetric multidimensional scaling solution.

Figure A10.16. Points of Cabin Period levels, showing clustering of two combined levels.

Figure A10.17. Early Saloon Period levels from Area A.

Figure A10.18. Early Saloon Period levels from Area C.

Figure A10.19. Early Saloon Period levels cluster from Area G.

Figure A10.20. Pre-Railroad Period levels cluster.

Figure A10.21. Late Saloon Period levels cluster.

Figure A10.22. Two clusters among Early-Late Period mixed levels.

Figure A10.23. Railroad Period levels cluster, containing four area levels.

Figure A10.24. Final functional group of clusters.